Digital Narratives and Community Engagement: How Grassroots Marketing Shapes Rural Tourism

Authors

  • Wiwin Hartanto Department of Asia-Pacific Regional Studies, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, National Dong Hwa University, Taiwan
  • Markus Porsche Ludwig Department of Public Administration, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, National Dong Hwa University, Taiwan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35719/hrtg.v6i2.191

Keywords:

Community-based tourism, Community engagement, Digital narratives, Grassroots marketing, Rural tourism

Abstract

This study explores the influence of grassroots marketing on the promotion and growth of community-based tourism (CBT) in Banyuwangi Regency, Indonesia. Using a qualitative approach, the research investigates how digital narratives created by social media influencers, community organizations, and local tourism stakeholders shape tourist perceptions and engagement with rural tourism experiences. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with visitors and community tourism managers, as well as content analysis of social media posts and community-generated promotional materials. The findings reveal that grassroots marketing significantly contributes to tourists' interest in authentic, community-led tourism experiences while also influencing visitor behaviors towards more sustainable and responsible practices. The study highlights the importance of co-creating digital content with local communities to ensure authenticity and equitable benefits.

References

Aboalganam, K. M., AlFraihat, S. F., & Tarabieh, S. (2025). The Impact of User-Generated Content on Tourist Visit Intentions: The Mediating Role of Destination Imagery. Administrative Sciences, 15(4), 117. https://doi.org/10.3390/ admsci15040117

Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa

Campón-Cerro, A. M., Hernández-Mogollón, J. M., & Alves, H. (2016). Sustainable improvement of competitiveness in rural tourism destinations: The quest for tourist loyalty in Spain. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 6(3), 252–266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2016.04.005

Carl, W. J. (2006). What’s all the buzz about? Everyday communication and the relational basis of word-of-mouth and buzz marketing practices. Management Communication Quarterly, 19(4), 601–634. https://doi.org/10.1177/08933189052847

Chaudhery, J., & Maniktala, J. (2022). Digital platforms and future challenges of tourism in Asian countries. In Event Tourism in Asian Countries (1st ed., pp. 373–383). Apple Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003161134-20

Creswell, J.W. and Poth, C.N. (2018). Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing among Five Approaches. 4th Edition, SAGE Publications, Inc., Thousand Oaks.

Cudai Nur, A., Akib, H., Niswaty, R. (2023). The Digitalization of Tourism Allows Local Governments to Reach International Tourists. Journal of Public Policy and Administration, 7(4), 147-155. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jppa.20230704.11.

Deb, S. K., Nafi, S. M., & Valeri, M. (2022). Promoting tourism business through digital marketing in the new normal era: a sustainable approach. European Journal of Innovation Management, 27(3), 775–799. https://doi.org/10.1108/ejim-04-2022-0218

Eusébio, C., Carneiro, M. J., Kastenholz, E., Figueiredo, E., & Da Silva, D. S. (2017). Who is consuming the countryside? An activity-based segmentation analysis of the domestic rural tourism market in Portugal. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 31, 197–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2016.12.006

Fernandez-Lores, S., Crespo-Tejero, N., & Fernández-Hernández, R. (2021). Driving traffic to the museum: The role of the digital communication tools. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 174, 121273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.121273

Gao, J., & Wu, B. (2017). Revitalizing traditional villages through rural tourism: A case study of Yuanjia Village, Shaanxi Province, China. Tourism Management, 63, 223–233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2017.04.003

Giampiccoli, A., & Saayman, M. (2018). Community-based tourism development model and community participation. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 7(4), 1–27.

Hartanto, W., Ani, H. M., Suharso, P., Sukidin, Sedyati, R. N., & Mardiyana, L. O. (2021). Quintuple helix model for tourism development in Banyuwangi regency. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 747(1), 012077. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/747/1/012077

Hughes, M. (2005). Grassrootsmarketing: get people to talk about your stuff. Penguin.

Iqbal, A., Ramachandran, S., Siow, M. L., Subramaniam, T., & Afandi, S. H. M. (2022). Meaningful community participation for effective development of sustainable tourism: Bibliometric analysis towards a quintuple helix model. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 39, 100523. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jort.2022.100523

Jauhariyah, N. A., Syafa’at, A. M., Khusnudin, I., Ekonomi, F., Islam, B., Darussalam, I., & Banyuwangi, B. (2023). Analisis Potret Pertumbuhan Kunjungan Wisatawan Terhadap Pendapatan Asli Daerah Di Kabupaten Banyuwangi. SIFEBRI’S, 1(1), 156–162. https://unars.ac.id/ojs/index.php/sifebri/article/view/3320

Jiang, G., Chi, C. G. qing, Xu, X., & Xue, K. (2024). Positive or honest? Antecedents and consequences of tourists’ self-presentation in social media. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2024.2437631

Kusumastuti, H., Pranita, D., Viendyasari, M., Rasul, M. S., & Sarjana, S. (2024). Leveraging local value in a Post- Smart tourism village to encourage sustainable tourism. Sustainability, 16(2), 873. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16020873

Lalisan, A. K., Fresnido, M. B. R., Ramli, H. R., Aung, A., Utama, A. a. G. S., Khairani, N., & Ating, R. (2024). Empowering the ASEAN Community through Digitalization of Agriculture for Rural Tourism Development: An NVIVO Analysis. IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science, 1366(1), 012018. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1366/1/012018

Lane, B., & Kastenholz, E. (2015). Rural tourism: the evolution of practice and research approaches – towards a new generation concept? Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 23(8–9), 1133–1156. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2015.1083997

Lapuz, M. C. M. (2023). The role of local community empowerment in the digital transformation of rural tourism development in the Philippines. Technology in Society, 74, 102308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2023.102308

López-Estrada, P., Fernández-Mora, L., & Pérez-Hidalgo, E. (2021). Reflections About Conducting Qualitative Research During Pandemic Times as Part of an Extension Project in the Rural Community of San Ramón de La Virgen de Sarapiquí, Costa Rica. In Advances in intelligent systems and computing (pp. 247–257). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70187-1_18

Maquera, G., Da Costa, B. B. F., Mendoza, Ó., Salinas, R. A., & Haddad, A. N. (2022). Intelligent digital platform for Community-Based rural Tourism - A novel concept development in Peru. Sustainability, 14(13), 7907. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14137907

Mohr, I. (2017). Managing Grassroots Marketing in the Digital Age. Journal of Marketing Development and Competitiveness, 11(2), 10–16.

Retrieved from https://articlegateway.com/index.php/JMDC/article/view/1629

Morrison, A.M. (2013). Marketing and Managing Tourism Destinations (1st ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203081976

Mukaffi, Z., Haryanto, T., & Malik, M. (2022). Dampak Sektor Pariwisata Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi di Kabupaten Banyuwangi. TOBA: Journal of Tourism, Hospitality and Destination, 1(2), 38–43. https://doi.org/10.55123/TOBA.V1I2.356

Nieto, J., Hernández-Maestro, R. M., & Muñoz-Gallego, P. A. (2014). Marketing decisions, customer reviews, and business performance: The use of the Toprural website by Spanish rural lodging establishments. Tourism Management, 45, 115–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2014.03.009

Okazaki, E. (2008). A Community-Based Tourism Model: Its Conception and Use. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 16(5), 511–529. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669580802159594

Pan, S. Y., Gao, M., Kim, H., Shah, K. J., Pei, S. L., & Chiang, P. C. (2018). Advances and challenges in sustainable tourism toward a green economy. Science of the total environment, 635, 452-469. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.134

Pellegrino, A. (2024). Consumer Perceptions. How Digital Marketing Has Changed Consumer Perceptions. In Decoding Digital Consumer Behavior (pp. 31–53). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-3454-2_3

Pesonen, J. A. (2011). Tourism marketing in Facebook: Comparing rural tourism SME’s and larger tourism companies in Finland. In R. Law, M. Fuchs, & F. Ricci (Eds.), Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2011 (pp. 537–546). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-0503-0_43

Ranjan, A., & Chaturvedi, P. (2023). Digitally Sustaining: the Rural Intangible Cultural Heritage. In Embracing Business Sustainability Through Innovation and Creativity in the Service Sector (pp. 14–30). IGI Global Scientific Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-6732-9.ch002

Saxena, G. (2016). Marketing rural tourism: Experience and enterprise (Chapter 1). In Edward Elgar Online. Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781784710880.00009

Suharso, P., Hartanto, W., & Oktavisanti Mardiyana, L. (2022). The Development of Tourism Economic in Banyuwangi Through Digital Marketing Organization. Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Economic and Education, ICON 2021. https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.14-12-2021.2318333

Sujatmiko, S., Ar, D. P., Hamdat, A., & Salam, K. N. (2025). User-Generated Content (UGC) and Its Impact on Tourism Marketing: A Systematic Literature Review. Golden Ratio of Mapping Idea and Literature Format, 5(2), 97–105. https://doi.org/10.52970/grmilf.v5i2.1491

Sumarto, R. H., Sumartono, S., Muluk, M. R., & Nuh, M. (2020). Penta-Helix and Quintuple-Helix in the management of tourism villages in Yogyakarta City. Australasian Accounting, Business and Finance Journal, 14(1), 46-57. http://dx.doi.org/10.14453/aabfj.v14i1.5

Downloads

Published

2025-12-27

How to Cite

Hartanto, W., & Porsche Ludwig, M. (2025). Digital Narratives and Community Engagement: How Grassroots Marketing Shapes Rural Tourism. Heritage, 6(2), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.35719/hrtg.v6i2.191